India Population

Population1,236,344,631 (July 2014 est.)[1] (2nd)
Density383 people per.sq.km (2011 est.)
Growth rate 1.25% (2013) (94th)
Birth rate20.22 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
Death rate7.4 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
Life expectancy68.89 years (2009 est.)
• male67.46 years (2009 est.)
• female72.61 years (2009 est.)
Fertility rate2.3 children born/woman (SRS 2013)
Infant mortality rate40 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years31.2% (male 190,075,426/female 172,799,553) (2009 est.)
15–64 years63.6% (male 381,446,079/female 359,802,209) (2009 est.)
65 and over5.3% (male 29,364,920/female 32,591,030) (2009 est.)
Sex ratio
At birth1.10 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
Under 151.10 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
15–64 years1.06 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
65 and over0.90 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
Nationality
Major ethnicSee Ethnic Groups of India
Language
OfficialSee Languages of India

Crude birth rate trends in India
(per 1000 people, national average)[2][3][4]

Infant mortality rate trends in India
(per 1000 births, under age 1, national average)
India is the second most populous country in the world, with over 1.271 billion people (2015), more than a sixth of the world's population. Already containing 17.5% of the world's population, India is projected to be the world's most populous country by 2025, surpassing China, its population reaching 1.6 billion by 2050.[5][6] Its population growth rate is 1.2%, ranking 94th in the world in 2013.[7] The Indian population had reached the billion mark by 1998.

India has more than 50% of its population below the age of 25 and more than 65% below the age of 35. It is expected that, in 2020, the average age of an Indian will be 29 years, compared to 37 for China and 48 for Japan; and, by 2030, India's dependency ratio should be just over 0.4.[8]

India has more than two thousand ethnic groups,[9] and every major religion is represented, as are four major families of languages (Indo-European, Dravidian, Austroasiatic and Sino-Tibetan languages) as well as two language isolates (the Nihali language[10] spoken in parts of Maharashtra and the Burushaski language spoken in parts of Jammu and Kashmir). The modern Indian republic is home to 97% of Jains, 90% of Sikhs, 87% of Hindus, 50% of Zoroastrians, 40% of Baha'i, 20% of Shia, 10% of Muslims, 5% of Ahmadiyya, 2% of Buddhists and 1% of Christians .

Further complexity is lent by the great variation that occurs across this population on social parameters such as income and education. Only the continent of Africa exceeds the linguistic, genetic and cultural diversity of the nation of India.